What are the different moldings and how are they applied?

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The Quarter Round molding is used to hide the expansion gap left around walls during installation.
The T molding is used as a threshold in doorways or as a transition strip where the hardwood flooring meets floor or carpet of similar height. T moldings can also be used to change the direction in which the floor is laid.
The Reducer molding is used as a transition from the height of the sub-floor to the height of the hardwood floor.
The Stairnose molding is used to cover the front edge of a stair tread or step. If used on a stair, flooring is installed behind the Stairnose to cover the horizontal part (the tread) of the stair.
The Stairtread molding is a one-piece molding used to entirely cover the structural stair tread.